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[Music]

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and the protoplanetary disk and then in

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the protocol and planetary disc sisters

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are treated to make planets Mars which

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is actually nowadays asteroid is the

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remaining of punishment and most of the

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meteorite came from asteroids so that's

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why the meteorite containing in much

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information about the Allosaurus system

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evolution so some meteorites containing

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organic matter and these organic matter

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also important to understand chemistry

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in our solar system and also important

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in respect of origin of life because

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it's organic matter can be brought to

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the Arias in meteorites and also

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interplanetary dust particles they are

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kind of small meteorite so this right is

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actually kind of similar to the first

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so this I see that evaporated and the

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condensation in the inside of a sub

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photo parentally disk and some eyes are

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survived or to form I see Frank

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unsung contains the industrial chemistry

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and some wha also

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mix and the condensate ice and the

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prongs Schimmel's containing ice then

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they are heated by mostly by the decay

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of aluminum 26 and then the wicket

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water-saturated inja in a photocell

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afterwards so Cherokee totally activists

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and hydras minerals to form secondary

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minerals such as hydrated circuit

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philosophically how 18 and so on and

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further heating cause summer

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metamorphism as well all these prophets

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profits are caused by bus in the

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meteorites so actually there is some

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flash I busty in meteorites the most

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primitive class of meteorites called

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so-called carbonaceous chondrites which

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is known to contain organic matter so

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carbonaceous chondrite actually has

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several groups actually I shame

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something like that so most primitive

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kind of a carbonaceous chondrite GI GM

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and she are hundreds and so I put some

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numbers in here these so-called

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datalogic types it this is a degree of

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aqueous alteration and degree of summer

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metamorphism so talking a little bit

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more about cäcilie so for example the

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micro meteorites are called GM food

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carbonaceous chondrites a group GM group

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with pathologic types

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to conduct so I talked about a little

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bit more about Pedro logic types so if

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we will have experienced up the

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adulteration the epidural click type

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will be one or two so one is much

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altered compared to number two aside to

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so step 3 considered as a primitive one

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but actually some most of the type 3

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conducts I experienced some are

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metamorphism and type 4 or more heavily

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summary metamorphose convent so

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basically organic matter only images in

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type 1 2 3 types from guys so most

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primitive type of carbonaceous

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chondrites contain up to a few eight

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percent of organic matter sunspot

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so-called solvent soluble organic matter

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which is ethics extractable with solvent

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in methanol awards hours and single

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cells including carboxylic acids and

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amino acids and so on the majority is

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actually desist as in silver on organic

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matter so-called IOM which is is

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so these are very complex in molecular

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structure this is a modern structure of

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IOM from much vomit right so containing

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aromatic squads with bunch of functional

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good like aliphatic or carboxyl

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something like that

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so looking at more 40 this is tem image

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of iom its containing fluffy kind of iom

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this is shelly muscles iom conscious

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with fluffy type and some global global

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shapes one concept but global only con

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only about ten percent of the volume of

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the iom but fluffy one only detectable

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after acid demineralization you cannot

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observe even in p.m. because they are

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very fine and split into the mineral

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matrix mostly for escape so the

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molecular structure of his iom coming is

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very sensitive to the parent of Allah

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process like summer process or

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alterations so this the structure change

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as heating at by heating for example the

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aliphatic more more aliphatic

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particulates with heating and also

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carbonyl path decrease with heating so

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this is this basically deflects the arm

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oxidation loss of branching aliphatic

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crunching or this angel I will kill

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so looking at soy boricua toss there are

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very diverse in structure and the recent

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results show that tens of thousands of

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different worker compositions exist in a

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single meter right much for me tonight

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so this is only molecular composition so

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if you consider the work you structure

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it will be millions of diapers molecular

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structure exists in increments right so

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now we were focusing on amino acids and

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this is a comparison of amino acids

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abundance and the relative abundance of

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value I mean amino acid species in

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various meteoroids so the moderately

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aqueous or third type of nicorette

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extreme to shear to see our 300 they

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have most amino acid abundance and

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mostly in the form of alpha type am

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agnostic but if if you experience more

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of the association's amino acids

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advantage securities and also the

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portion of our farm in our society

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decreased and deductive abundance of

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gamma under deterministic increase so

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this is this very same thing if we

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experienced some are metamorphism so in

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the case of summer maximo feels the

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amino acid abundance also decrease and

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the amino alpha amino acid portion is

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decreased

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as well and so that's the basic idea of

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what caused parent Abadi promise to our

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organic muscle endurance so next what's

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the origin of the organic matter there

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are several hypotheses to make for arias

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oven Marcus so fast in the molecular

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clouds we are usually and cosmic ray is

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a realization of in subsidized can be

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produced various organic species and

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also in the protostar a nebula so-called

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digital type reaction in kaskus and the

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test solid stats like shitty case or

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metal dust can also produce complex

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finally in the Frank Flying Dutchman

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face and especially in tutoring aqueous

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alteration also various oh and metal

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complex oh and motor can be produced

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some simple monkey molecules so I think

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and every project each process

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contributes to make very diverse suite

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of organic matter in meteorites and but

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now we focusing on the process in crunch

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mode so the especially in the aqueous

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authorization process is good to make

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chemical reactions of the exist of the

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vaquita water is very good to dominicks

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chemical reactions and also there are

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various small molecules from our

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la frontera for him and minerals

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found in mirrors only also act as a

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the Cody it was supposed to form

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macromolecular organic solid similar to

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ponder it IRL from whole most reactions

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using homework ID and also we further

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studied this reaction acting nitrogen

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I'm cutting ammonium and sherry ammonium

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a hafsa how a solid production and also

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there are significant incorporation of

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nitrogen in products that so whole

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aldehyde and ammonia is very common

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molecules in interstellar medium and the

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comet will so we can expect the

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abundance in the early stage of

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transitional formation with this simple

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heating experiments using formaldehyde

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and critical height which is actually a

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time of formaldehyde and ammonium with

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calcium hydroxide witches attacked so

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after heating up the simple just 19 to

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250 degree C solutions colors are

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changed into that ground there and we

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can make soil

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we did several different analysis for

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solids and liquids as well so I

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introduced some part of result so far

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looking at the yield of the organic soil

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and they increase absent ledger and time

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so actually is active like our new

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stripes behavior so with its kinetic

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analysis of the field of organic soil so

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this is a time temperature diagram for

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organic soil formation so assuming that

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reaction mechanism sudden change in

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these temperatures and so even at still

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zero degree Celsius the oxox can it can

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be formed in the hundred-yard Russell so

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considering the apreas alteration period

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is about 10 to seven years 13 10 million

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years in up Delta H still a CD with

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researchers it is fair enough it's

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enough time and temperature for makes

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enough Oh hypotonic soil and even at the

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comic some comments could have biggest

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water in at 10 to five years or so so in

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that case even in comic maybe you can

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and then looking at the multi a

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structure of the organic soil the album

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13 NMR and ftir black rocks pixel shows

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iom and the red one and the guru on our

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experimental product i want with

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angle without ammonia so generally they

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are very similar citra to the iom and

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then looking at some all 40 of the

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organic soil so some shows physical

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shape like fuel micrometer in diameter

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so comparing this kind of special shapes

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is indicate hydrophobic formation of

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these ionic solid and also compared to

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the iom in meteorites they also contain

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globules kind of moment matter but much

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more advanced I experimental product

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actually so also we can make fluffy

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organic solid as well but so far we we

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don't know how we can control morphology

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rafi or vehicles for okay so next we are

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us we these amino acid analysis in the

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liquid phase hplc result of refraction

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made by 150 degree field experience so

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they have some good icing learning and

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returning and some other amino is of

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witchery classics and a monologist ashes

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also produce so they are the results

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from various temperature experiments so

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basically the product of the products

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about your fame in 90 and 150 and 20

242
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degree Celsius but much less in 250

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degrees Celsius and learning are larger

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and rising but other one is less than

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gracious and they are mostly after a

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ship's hide illicit but with this

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without us with this analysis with love

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acid hydrolysis for 150 sample and we

249
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get some amino acids running and

250
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revitalizing some special earnings but

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less than the product of the amino after

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a sh ty delicious we did also deal

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analysis for some amino acid and they

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mostly d and a ratio are same so this is

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not contamination from territorial am

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looking at the effects of minerals this

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is very preliminary results from one of

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my students and this is a little bit

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different starting material from Libya

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Flom not January if you add me as a

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colonize or even enhance is of better

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learning but not Simon is fun

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significant for rising so going back to

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a menage abundance this is La Mina

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abundance relative to racing without

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meals so generally as carbon number

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increase the abundance is decreased but

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earning our lodges and rising and look

269
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at the gamma amino butyric acid so they

270
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compared to the condo atif amin ah

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so compared to the Shiar hundreds they

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show generally similar trend and also

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compared to the shameful right which is

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one ugly f3 or test and shias and this

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is also under similar trend access

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except this one and the computers or

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00:22:55,299 --> 00:22:50,690
gaming right wicked more acquiesce be

278
00:22:57,909 --> 00:22:55,309
altered meteorite so they show a little

279
00:23:03,340 --> 00:22:57,919
bit increase of better learning and the

280
00:23:05,760 --> 00:23:03,350
degrees of alpha amino fatal crash it so

281
00:23:10,490 --> 00:23:05,770
in general Joffre samira

282
00:23:13,950 --> 00:23:10,500
and with earthly assorted hundreds and

283
00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:13,960
now compared to the summary metamorphose

284
00:23:22,010 --> 00:23:19,210
chondrites xeo our shivery carbonaceous

285
00:23:24,780 --> 00:23:22,020
chondrite they show some parish

286
00:23:30,080 --> 00:23:24,790
difference between experimental products

287
00:23:36,510 --> 00:23:30,090
and do some illimitable for hundreds so

288
00:23:40,340 --> 00:23:36,520
the beta in input larger much larger and

289
00:23:47,120 --> 00:23:40,350
the alpha amino virtual classes are

290
00:23:52,350 --> 00:23:47,130
smaller and also gamma-aminobutyric acid

291
00:23:55,650 --> 00:23:52,360
our graduation though our temperature

292
00:24:00,330 --> 00:23:55,660
products so this is conscious with the

293
00:24:06,150 --> 00:24:00,340
increase of gamma-aminobutyric acid with

294
00:24:09,330 --> 00:24:06,160
temperature increase so this is probably

295
00:24:15,500 --> 00:24:09,340
due to the thermodynamic thermodynamic

296
00:24:19,950 --> 00:24:15,510
stability of each amino acids so

297
00:24:22,620 --> 00:24:19,960
sometimes nominal stability is a comma

298
00:24:25,500 --> 00:24:22,630
me know which weak acid sometime Islamic

299
00:24:29,610 --> 00:24:25,510
instability is such as a beta learning

300
00:24:35,220 --> 00:24:29,620
and returning is more stable than alpha

301
00:24:37,560 --> 00:24:35,230
amino butyric worship so Amina she could

302
00:24:41,690 --> 00:24:37,570
have been introduced in aqueous

303
00:24:45,360 --> 00:24:41,700
environment in French Emil's and then

304
00:24:50,270 --> 00:24:45,370
extend acquiesce alteration and or

305
00:24:56,220 --> 00:24:50,280
summer metamorphism may destroy revived

306
00:25:00,320 --> 00:24:56,230
amina sheikh and then the deductive

307
00:25:06,540 --> 00:25:00,330
advantage of as strong a molasses have

308
00:25:09,750 --> 00:25:06,550
increased okay so in summary there are

309
00:25:12,980 --> 00:25:09,760
very wide variety of omens mata it was

310
00:25:16,590 --> 00:25:12,990
just in meteorites mostly in primitive

311
00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:16,600
carbonaceous chondrite mainly in the

312
00:25:23,669 --> 00:25:18,610
form of in silver or

313
00:25:27,260 --> 00:25:23,679
mata and some are some also contains

314
00:25:30,890 --> 00:25:27,270
amino acids as well so all technologies

315
00:25:34,380 --> 00:25:30,900
conclusive geez organic matter can be

316
00:25:36,780 --> 00:25:34,390
various and we are focusing on the

317
00:25:39,990 --> 00:25:36,790
process in the Flemish month and widget

318
00:25:43,110 --> 00:25:40,000
experiments simulated acquiesce

319
00:25:48,390 --> 00:25:43,120
alteration using formaldehyde and

320
00:25:52,380 --> 00:25:48,400
ammonia and water so they can we can

321
00:25:55,409 --> 00:25:52,390
form IOM like orange solid as well as

322
00:26:00,060 --> 00:25:55,419
various amino acid species increase in

323
00:26:05,750 --> 00:26:00,070
alpha beta gamma amino acid and do this

324
00:26:17,549 --> 00:26:09,419
aqueous altered chondrites thank you for

325
00:26:27,530 --> 00:26:17,559
your attention okay we are up for

326
00:26:36,780 --> 00:26:34,050
thank you hey Yoko oh very nice talk

327
00:26:38,850 --> 00:26:36,790
thank you and good to see you again the

328
00:26:41,790 --> 00:26:38,860
ddl ratios you measures are actually

329
00:26:45,840 --> 00:26:41,800
pretty high this is that reproducible

330
00:26:50,520 --> 00:26:45,850
and do you have Terry we own weekend we

331
00:26:55,440 --> 00:26:50,530
could only this once this deal analysis

332
00:27:00,090 --> 00:26:55,450
so it's not that so precise so I cannot

333
00:27:03,870 --> 00:27:00,100
say this is this high value is the arrow

334
00:27:15,330 --> 00:27:03,880
or not so we need more experience to do

335
00:27:17,250 --> 00:27:15,340
that to show that yeah there's some

336
00:27:20,220 --> 00:27:17,260
theoretical work that tries to predict

337
00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:20,230
what the original amino acids were in

338
00:27:25,680 --> 00:27:22,330
life not the 20 we have now but maybe

339
00:27:27,990 --> 00:27:25,690
some smaller set 16 or eight or ten and

340
00:27:31,620 --> 00:27:28,000
I'm wondering to what extent your

341
00:27:34,710 --> 00:27:31,630
analyses of amino acids can talk about

342
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:34,720
is there any I don't know way in which

343
00:27:38,580 --> 00:27:36,010
there's a connection between the

344
00:27:41,190 --> 00:27:38,590
relative abundances of amino acids in us

345
00:27:47,580 --> 00:27:41,200
here today or more earlier life and

346
00:27:50,490 --> 00:27:47,590
these meteor you mean for example

347
00:27:52,170 --> 00:27:50,500
glycine is probably is that it made very

348
00:27:54,840 --> 00:27:52,180
easily it's a their abundance of glycine

349
00:27:58,230 --> 00:27:54,850
is very high is abundance of a glycine

350
00:28:00,180 --> 00:27:58,240
in life very high or the relative

351
00:28:03,030 --> 00:28:00,190
abundances is there anything that can be

352
00:28:11,270 --> 00:28:03,040
correlated between these two examples of

353
00:28:15,510 --> 00:28:11,280
amino acids actually in meteorites yea

354
00:28:19,370 --> 00:28:15,520
Raj among dash part of the meteoritic I

355
00:28:23,550 --> 00:28:19,380
mean a shitty is non protein amino acid

356
00:28:24,870 --> 00:28:23,560
so not actually excited to related I

357
00:28:26,520 --> 00:28:24,880
heard in virtuous incentive I thought

358
00:28:28,710 --> 00:28:26,530
that there were eight of all the many

359
00:28:31,380 --> 00:28:28,720
many like 80 United or eight of them

360
00:28:33,750 --> 00:28:31,390
were yeah yeah why exactly now are those

361
00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:33,760
eight that were in murcheson are they

362
00:28:39,960 --> 00:28:35,530
some of the more abundant ones in life

363
00:28:40,450 --> 00:28:39,970
on Earth absolutely are those eight that

364
00:28:42,400 --> 00:28:40,460
was emerged

365
00:28:45,240 --> 00:28:42,410
for example are they some of the ones

366
00:28:52,060 --> 00:28:45,250
that are most abundant in life on Earth

367
00:28:55,030 --> 00:28:52,070
I think it's most of one jumping my

368
00:28:59,350 --> 00:28:55,040
tongue how about what's most abundant

369
00:29:02,110 --> 00:28:59,360
amino acid in in you ah well my

370
00:29:06,580 --> 00:29:02,120
experiments Alan you know your your body

371
00:29:09,940 --> 00:29:06,590
my body why ah Australia I don't know

372
00:29:33,830 --> 00:29:09,950
much other thing I want to ask for it

373
00:29:38,940 --> 00:29:35,850
long enough it doesn't matter but

374
00:29:41,430 --> 00:29:38,950
alright the the synthesis you do are in

375
00:29:43,620 --> 00:29:41,440
water obviously and they're our

376
00:29:45,390 --> 00:29:43,630
materials that are certainly made

377
00:29:47,580 --> 00:29:45,400
outside the snow line so that you get

378
00:29:49,530 --> 00:29:47,590
plenty of water in the asteroidal

379
00:29:52,260 --> 00:29:49,540
material and there are materials that

380
00:29:54,210 --> 00:29:52,270
are made inside the snow line where you

381
00:29:58,080 --> 00:29:54,220
would expect very little water in that

382
00:30:00,330 --> 00:29:58,090
case would you expect the fundamental

383
00:30:02,310 --> 00:30:00,340
differences a difference in the amino

384
00:30:04,830 --> 00:30:02,320
acids that you produced outside by the

385
00:30:07,410 --> 00:30:04,840
aqueous processes versus inside where

386
00:30:09,990 --> 00:30:07,420
they might be remnants of things or

387
00:30:11,760 --> 00:30:10,000
whatever I I'm not sure that there is

388
00:30:19,350 --> 00:30:11,770
something like that detected but I'd

389
00:30:24,150 --> 00:30:19,360
like to know the stone so most of the

390
00:30:27,330 --> 00:30:24,160
oven mata only found in aqueous we all

391
00:30:30,450 --> 00:30:27,340
that meteorites so like ordinary

392
00:30:35,250 --> 00:30:30,460
chondrites doesn't much doesn't contain

393
00:30:39,090 --> 00:30:35,260
much of omens mata yes that does have

394
00:30:43,169 --> 00:30:39,100
some and this kind of primitive ordinary

395
00:30:49,380 --> 00:30:43,179
chondrites actually experienced aqueous

396
00:30:52,919 --> 00:30:49,390
alteration and and also just another

397
00:30:55,830 --> 00:30:52,929
possibility to produce this organic

398
00:31:00,870 --> 00:30:55,840
matter in ordinary chondrites in it

399
00:31:03,419 --> 00:31:00,880
could be totally different projects it

400
00:31:06,240 --> 00:31:03,429
can be totally different processing no I

401
00:31:08,490 --> 00:31:06,250
agree but I would in that case you would

402
00:31:10,080 --> 00:31:08,500
expect a different distribution for

403
00:31:11,730 --> 00:31:10,090
instance of the amino acids and I was

404
00:31:14,030 --> 00:31:11,740
just curious whether or not that

405
00:31:16,919 --> 00:31:14,040
comparison had been made I don't know ah

406
00:31:20,850 --> 00:31:16,929
jelly ordinary chondrites have kind of

407
00:31:24,210 --> 00:31:20,860
different distribution of Avinash like

408
00:31:31,700 --> 00:31:24,220
gamma what is diminish its are higher

409
00:31:35,220 --> 00:31:31,710
compared to just one it can be like

410
00:31:38,220 --> 00:31:35,230
percocet it could be because of the

411
00:31:42,720 --> 00:31:38,230
science motorman amical stability but

412
00:31:47,230 --> 00:31:42,730
also it could be the formation process

413
00:31:58,760 --> 00:31:51,520
there are many possibility to produce

414
00:32:02,060 --> 00:31:58,770
this kind of defiance so I i cannot say

415
00:32:14,390 --> 00:32:02,070
this is the sixth single answer it could

416
00:32:17,330 --> 00:32:14,400
be just as well okay I have one you

417
00:32:18,950 --> 00:32:17,340
should groups of meteorites right how

418
00:32:20,540 --> 00:32:18,960
accurate are these groups which came out

419
00:32:23,510 --> 00:32:20,550
is because you have some meteorite which

420
00:32:25,460 --> 00:32:23,520
are unclassified so how can you you know

421
00:32:29,210 --> 00:32:25,470
do experiments or you have any

422
00:32:31,850 --> 00:32:29,220
suggestions yeah I think it's good point

423
00:32:35,510 --> 00:32:31,860
because most of the grouping is based on

424
00:32:39,320 --> 00:32:35,520
mineralogy or like isotope voix not

425
00:32:42,320 --> 00:32:39,330
based on organic matter so this is not

426
00:32:47,180 --> 00:32:42,330
always consist with observation with

427
00:32:50,260 --> 00:32:47,190
organic matter so I think like corner

428
00:32:56,060 --> 00:32:50,270
Alexander try to classified using

429
00:32:58,610 --> 00:32:56,070
organic matter also so it should be more

430
00:33:13,269 --> 00:32:58,620
work to be done using momentum attack I

431
00:33:18,229 --> 00:33:15,680
sorry me if I'm wrong but it seems like

432
00:33:21,019 --> 00:33:18,239
you're using a system that could work on

433
00:33:23,629 --> 00:33:21,029
us so why do we need to link it to

434
00:33:25,129 --> 00:33:23,639
meteorites so ah in terms of the origin

435
00:33:26,869 --> 00:33:25,139
of life I mean double chemistry is

436
00:33:29,419 --> 00:33:26,879
brilliant but in terms of the origin of

437
00:33:30,590 --> 00:33:29,429
life is it possible we just doing

438
00:33:32,720 --> 00:33:30,600
everything on earth and don't need to

439
00:33:34,039 --> 00:33:32,730
worry with me try to talk or do you

440
00:33:35,570 --> 00:33:34,049
think meteorites were crucial for the

441
00:33:38,799 --> 00:33:35,580
origin of life in terms of delivery of

442
00:33:45,950 --> 00:33:38,809
substance this kind of reaction can be

443
00:33:51,590 --> 00:33:45,960
occurring like ocean but the muscles in

444
00:33:56,419 --> 00:33:51,600
ocean the precursor speed is what i use

445
00:34:00,879 --> 00:33:56,429
it so in in the case of asteroids you

446
00:34:04,190 --> 00:34:00,889
can have condensed formaldehyde or

447
00:34:13,220 --> 00:34:04,200
ammonium so that's why I think it's

448
00:34:19,129 --> 00:34:13,230
theta down re ocean for this reaction do

449
00:34:22,030 --> 00:34:19,139
you have any last questions all right

450
00:34:22,750 --> 00:34:22,040
let's thank the speaker

451
00:34:32,940 --> 00:34:22,760
[Applause]

452
00:34:47,250 --> 00:34:35,180
and

453
00:34:47,260 --> 00:34:49,760
you